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What is a Hydraulic Pump?

What is a Hydraulic Pump?


What is a Hydraulic Pump?

The hydraulic pump is a circuit element that converts mechanical energy into hydraulic energy. It absorbs the fluid from the tank and presses it into the system according to the principle of increasing volume - decreasing volume with the rotation movement it receives from an electric motor or internal combustion engine.

There is a very wrong belief about hydraulic pumps: Hydraulic pumps do not create pressure. Pressure occurs due to the resistance against the flow of the fluid.

They are basically divided into 3 groups:

A. Gear pumps
Vane pumps
Piston pumps
Let's start by briefly describing what is a hydraulic pump. Hydraulic pump is the name given to a circuit element that converts mechanical energy into hydraulic energy. It is an equipment that absorbs the fluid from the tank according to the principle of increasing and / or decreasing volume with the rotation movement received from the electric motor or internal combustion engine and then pressing it to the system. When it comes to hydraulic pump, most of us think that the pump exerts pressure. It is a general belief that it works with the pressure it receives and that its working principle works in accordance with this pressure. Hydraulic pumps do not create pressure. Pressure occurs depending on the resistance to the flow of the fluid. In summary, pumps do not create pressure; There is a pressure that depends on the incoming resistance.

Hydraulic pumps are the power source for many dynamic machines. Pumps are equipment capable of delivering large amounts of oil from hydraulic cylinders or hydraulic motors. In this way, the pump converts the mechanical energy of the driver into hydrostatic energy. Hydraulic machines equipped with a pump can be used to perform different tasks such as lifting, lowering, opening, closing or rotating components. Different types of hydraulic pumps are used in hydraulic circuits according to the application conditions and the needs of the designed system. Before moving on to the hydraulic pump types, let's talk about how the hydraulic pump works.

Hydraulic pump working principle

Hydraulic pumps work according to the displacement principle. It has two main functions. It primarily creates a suction. The hydraulic pump creates a vacuum effect on the hydraulic oil in the oil tank with the pressure difference it creates, and the hydraulic oil absorbed from the tank with this effect is squeezed between the parts in the pump. Thus, an increase in pressure is provided. Hydraulic pump manufacturers, hydraulic pump; It produces depending on different functional and hydraulic system requirements such as working environment, required pressure range, drive type and so on. There are a wide variety of design principles and configurations behind hydraulic pumps. Not every pump can meet all needs, for this there are 3 different pump types; gear pumps, vane pumps, piston pumps. Now let's examine the hydraulic pump types closely.

What are the types of hydraulic pumps?

Gear pumps
They are divided into external gear or internal gear. Gear pumps are simple in construction; It consists of two spur gears working with each other. Oil is sucked from the suction line with the gears and then taken between the gears and directed to the pressure line. It can go up to 200 bar pressures. It is a pump type that is easily found in the market due to its economy. The disadvantage is that; it may show low efficiency at high pressures and its service life may be low. Let's also give the information that there is a high noise level.

  • Vane pumps
    Vane pumps are variable displacement. They can go up to 100 pressure. Another use of a vane pump is a vane pump. It is also known as the vane pump in the market. It is mostly preferred in machine tools and hydraulic circuits operating in closed areas. Unlike gear pumps, it has a low noise level, which is highly preferred. It is possible to say the following as a disadvantage; Its suction performance is lower than other pumps.

    Piston pumps
    Piston hydraulic pumps are the type of pump that has the highest efficiency among the hydraulic pump types and can produce the highest pressures. There are different types such as inclined axis, fixed axis, variable and constant flow rate.

    Hydraulic pump malfunctions

    Regardless of pump type, each pump has its own maintenance conditions. Regular maintenance of the pump will increase the work efficiency as well as ensure the long life of your pump. We can list the common malfunctions in hydraulic pumps as follows;

    Pollution problem
    Cavitation problem
    Malfunctions caused by incorrect oil selection
    Assembly errors due to improper assembly
    Problems in commissioning