
The Importance of Hydraulic Oil Analysis and Preventive Maintenance: The Key to Protecting the System
Hydraulic systems run on hydraulic oil, which is described as the "blood" of machines in every field where power is controlled, from industrial automation to mobile machines. However, even the slightest deterioration in the quality of this vital fluid reduces the system's efficiency and can lead to expensive breakdowns. This is where Hydraulic Oil Analysis and Preventive Maintenance come into play.
Hydraulic oil is characterized as the "blood" of a hydraulic system and is critical to the function, performance, and life of the system. Beyond being a mere energy transfer tool, it performs four essential and vital tasks:
Energy and Power Transfer (Core Function)
The basic principle of hydraulic systems is to move force from one point to another through an incompressible fluid (hydraulic oil).
Hydraulic Principle: The pressure generated by the pump is transmitted by hydraulic oil to the cylinders or motors through valves, hoses, and pipes. This provides the power needed for the machine to move.
Incompressibility: The oil is virtually incompressible, making it possible to transfer force precisely and instantaneously, with minimal loss.
Lubrication
All moving parts in the system (especially pumps, motors and valves) need constant lubrication to prevent metal-to-metal contact.
Preventing Wear: Hydraulic oil creates a thin film between parts, minimizing friction. This prevents wear and tear on the components and extends their lifespan.
Efficiency: Low friction allows the system to operate more efficiently, consuming less energy.
Cooling
When the hydraulic system is operating, it generates continuous heat due to friction, pressure loss, and compression.
Heat Dissipation: Hydraulic oil absorbs heat from hot areas of the system (pump or valve cavities) and dissipates it by transporting it back to the tank, usually through a heat exchanger (coolant).
Temperature Control: Maintains the oil's viscosity (fluidity resistance) within a certain range, ensuring stable system operation. Overheating leads to premature oil degradation and damage to sealing elements.
Sealing and Corrosion Protection
The intrinsic viscosity and additive properties of hydraulic oil serve two additional important roles:
Internal Sealing: Valve bodies have small gaps between pump gears and pistons, especially in valves. The film layer formed by the oil fills these gaps, reducing internal leaks (leaks) and maintaining hydraulic efficiency.
Corrosion Prevention: Special additives (rust inhibitors) in the oil protect metal surfaces against rust and corrosion caused by water and air.
In summary, any deterioration in the quality of hydraulic oil—whether it's pollution, water, or extreme temperature—directly impacts these four essential functions, leading to system failure, loss of efficiency, or premature wear of expensive components.
Hydraulic oil analysis provides in-depth information about the "state of health" of the oil, which cannot be understood by simple observation. This analysis is the most reliable way to identify potential problems in the system before failure occurs.
What is Detected by Oil Analysis?
|
Parameter |
Detected Situation |
Importance |
|
Particulate Pollution (ISO Code) |
Amount of foreign solid particles and wear residues. |
It is the primary cause of valve jams and pump failures. |
|
Water/Moisture Content |
The amount of water in the oil (ppm or %). |
It impairs the oil's lubricating properties, causes corrosion, and shortens filter life. |
|
Viscosity Change |
Change in fluidity resistance of oil. |
A decrease in viscosity leads to leakage, while an increase leads to loss of power and overheating. |
|
Metal Wear Detection |
Presence of metals such as iron, copper, chromium. |
It indicates which system component (pump, motor, cylinder) has started to wear out. |
|
Additive Depletion |
The condition of additives such as oxidation inhibitors, defoamers. |
It indicates that the oil is about to end its life and needs to be replaced. |
Oil analysis is a diagnostic tool; preventive care is treatment. The steps to be taken according to the analysis results maximize the life of the system.
About 75-80% of hydraulic failures are caused by contamination. Using high-efficiency filters with accurate micron ratings minimizes particulate contamination.
Especially when commissioning the new system or after major repairs, it is essential to clean all kinds of welding burrs, rust and dirt left inside the pipes and tanks. Flushing and Pickling services ensure a clean start to the system and prevent immediate contamination of the new oil.
Oil change should be done not only on an hourly basis, but also according to the results of the analysis. Replacement is necessary when additives are depleted or the oil is irreversibly degraded.
Conclusion: Return on Your Investment (ROI)
Hydraulic oil analysis and preventive maintenance based on it may seem like an additional cost in the short term. But in the long run:
Reduces Downtime: Unplanned downtime is eliminated.
Extends Component Life: The lifespan of expensive components like pumps, valves, and cylinders increases by 2-3 times.
Reduces Maintenance Costs: A small filter or oil change is much more economical than a large pump change.
Remember: The best way to maintain the performance of your hydraulic system is to give due importance to hydraulic oil, which is its "blood".
As Hidroman, we not only offer superior quality components for the long-lasting and efficient operation of your hydraulic systems, but also support you in pollution management with Flushing and Pickling services with our expert engineering team. Contact us for detailed information.




