The 5 Most Common Design Mistakes in Hydraulic Cylinders | Ahmet İpek
The 5 Most Common Design Mistakes in Hydraulic Cylinders | Ahmet İpek
The 5 Most Common Design Mistakes in Hydraulic Cylinders
(And the real problems they cause on the ground)
Hydraulic cylinders are the most critical movement elements of hydraulic systems. However, many failures encountered in the field are not caused by a manufacturing defect but by an incorrect or incompletely designed hydraulic cylinder selection. Small design errors, especially in industrial and OEM projects, can lead to serious problems affecting the entire system.
In this article, as Ahmet İpek, I discuss the 5 most common hydraulic cylinder design errors in the field and the practical consequences of these errors.
Incorrect Diameter and Force Calculation
The most common mistake is that the force generated by the hydraulic cylinder is determined solely by the theoretical calculation of pressure × area.
❌ Mistake:
Failure to account for friction losses
Ignoring the safety coefficient
Ignoring dynamic loads
✅ The right approach:
20-30% safety margin should be added to the working pressure
Load character (fixed, impact, vibrating) must be analyzed
Result: Incorrect diameter selection leads to premature cylinder wear and seal leaks.
Neglecting the Shaft Buckling Calculation
One of the most critical risks in long stroke hydraulic cylinders is shaft buckling. However, this calculation is either not done at all in most projects or is passed over with approximate values.
❌ Mistake:
Failure to apply Euler's buckling calculation
Ignoring the mounting type (articulated, flanged, etc.)
✅ The right approach:
Shaft length / diameter ratio should be technically controlled
Mounting type suitable for working conditions should be selected
Conclusion: A buckling shaft can disable the entire machine, not just the cylinder.
Choosing the Wrong Gasket and Seal
Many hydraulic cylinder failures occur due to improper seal selection.
❌ Mistake:
Use of seals incompatible with the oil type
Ignoring temperature and speed values
✅ The right approach:
Oil viscosity and temperature range should be clearly determined
Application-specific (high speed / high pressure) seal sets should be used
The result: Oil leaks, reduced performance and environmental risks occur.
Incorrect Determination of Mounting Type
No matter how correctly the cylinder is designed, the wrong type of mounting can make the entire system fail.
❌ Mistake:
Articulated connection in a system that needs to work with fixed mounting
Use of unguided rollers in side-load-bearing applications
✅ The right approach:
Side load analysis should be done
If necessary, a guided roller or additional bearing should be used
The result: seal wear and housing damage are inevitable.
Considering Filtration Disconnected from Cylinder Design
One of the key factors that determine hydraulic cylinder life is oil cleanliness. However, filtration is often considered separately from system design.
❌ Mistake:
Failure to define ISO cleanliness class
Inadequate or incorrectly positioned filters
✅ The right approach:
Filtration level should be determined in accordance with cylinder tolerances
Return and pressure line filtration should be considered together
The result: dirty oil makes even the highest quality cylinder useless in a short time.
Conclusion: 70% of Cylinder Failures Are Design-Induced
Most of the hydraulic cylinder problems experienced in the field are caused by wrong decisions during the design phase, not manufacturing defects . Correct calculation, the right component and the right engineering approach ensure the long-lasting and reliable operation of the hydraulic cylinder.
Ahmet İpek argues that in industrial and OEM hydraulic projects, hydraulic cylinders should be considered as a part of the system, not just a product.
Author
Ahmet İpekHydraulic Systems Specialist – HidromanIndustrial & OEM Hydraulic Solutions