Hydraulic Accumulators: Working Principle, Usage Areas and Frequently Asked Questions
Hydraulic Accumulators: Working Principle, Usage Areas and Frequently Asked Questions
Energy efficiency and reliability are critical in hydraulic systems. At this point, hydraulic accumulators stand out with their pressure balancing, energy storage and shock absorption functions in systems. A properly selected and maintained storage battery extends the lifespan of the system while also reducing operating costs.
What is a Hydraulic Accumulator?
A hydraulic accumulator is an energy storage element in which a pressurized fluid (usually oil) is stored through an elastic gas or spring and returned to the system when needed. The most commonly used type is hydraulic gas storage batteries. In this type, there is a separating element (balloon, piston, or diaphragm) between the nitrogen gas and the hydraulic oil.
Working Principle of Hydraulic Accumulators
Charge (Pre-Pressure) Filling: Nitrogen gas is filled into the accumulator at a certain pressure.
Energy Storage: The hydraulic pump presses the oil inside the accumulator onto the gas, increasing the oil pressure.
Energy Recovery: When the system needs pressure, the elastic force of the trapped gas pushes back the oil, pressurizing the system.
Functions of Hydraulic Accumulators
Energy Storage: It stores excess energy generated by the pump and delivers it to the system when needed.
Pressure Balancing: Prevents pressure fluctuations in the hydraulic circuit.
Shock Damping: Dampens pressure pulses from pumps or valves.
Emergency Power Supply: Ensures safety by activating in situations such as power outages.
Leak Compensation: Balances minor oil leaks within the system.
Types of Hydraulic Accumulators
Balloon Type Accumulator
Piston Type Accumulator
Diaphragm Type Accumulator
Spring Accumulator
Each type has its advantages and disadvantages. For example, balloon-type storage batteries arecommonly used for their fast response times, while piston-type storage batteries arepreferred for higher volumes and pressures.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) About Hydraulic Storage Batteries
Why is a hydraulic accumulator used? It is used to provide energy saving, pressure compensation, shock damping, and emergency power.
How long does the storage battery last? It can range from 3 to 10 years, depending on the conditions of use. Regular maintenance extends its lifespan.
What gas is used in storage batteries? Nitrogen gas (N₂) is usually used. Oxygen and other gases can be dangerous.
How to adjust the pre-pressure of the accumulator? It should be done with special filling devices at the values specified by the manufacturer. Incorrect adjustment can lead to system failure.
Do storage batteries explode? If it is not used correctly or if the safety valves do not work, there is a risk of explosion. Therefore, a safety valve and regular maintenance are essential.
How to maintain a hydraulic accumulator?
Pre-pressure check
Leak tests
Checking the contamination level of hydraulic oil
Diaphragm or bladder control should be done at regular intervals.
What standards is the hydraulic accumulator manufactured to? It is usually produced in accordance with PED 2014/68/EU, CE and international safety standards.
Hydraulic storage batteries are critical components in systems, enhancing both energy efficiency and safety. Choosing the right type, proper pre-pressure adjustment and regular maintenance ensure long-lasting and trouble-free use.
For more information about hydraulic accumulators and professional support , you can contact the Hidroman team.